![]() ![]() (2020) COVID-19 mortality risk for older men and women. (2020) Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K. COVID-19 and COPD: Pooled analysis of observational studies. The growth of incarceration in the United States: Exploring causes and consequences. Association of cardiovascular disease and 10 other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Related Statistics. Medical problems of state and federal prisoners and jail inmates, 2011-12. It's about time: Aging prisoners, increasing costs and geriatric release: Vera Institute of Justice New York, NY. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis. Middletown, CT: Criminal Justice Institute.īauer, P., Brugger, J., König, F. Correctional health care: Addressing the needs of elderly, chronically ill, and terminally ill inmates. E., Shansky, R., Bisbee, J., & Blackmore, J. ![]() Chicago, IL: National Commission on Correctional Health Care.Īnno, B. Correctional Health Care: Guidelines for the Management of an Adequate Delivery System, 2001 edition. (Anno, 2001 Anno et al., 2004 Chiu, 2010 Travis, Western, & Redburn, 2014) Studies suggest that age and sex are predictors of mortality rates from COVID-19. They are more likely to experience dementia, impaired mobility, loss of hearing and vision, and general vulnerability which precipitates collateral emotional and mental health problems. Second, studies have found prisoners experience the effects of aging sooner due to substance abuse, inadequate healthcare before and between incarcerations, and stress related to the prison environment. (Ssentongo et al., 2020 Venkata & Kiernan, 2020 Williamson et. ![]() (Maruschak, Berzofsky, & Unangst, 2015) Studies suggest that individuals with pre-existing comorbidities have a greater risk of mortality than individuals without comorbidities. This study, while interesting and relevant, does not acknowledge or adjust for limitations which may in part explain the differences between the findings for the incarcerated population and the general population in the US.įirst, the prevalence of infectious diseases such as Hepatitis C, HIV, and tuberculosis is higher in correctional populations than in the general population, as is the prevalence of chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, heart related conditions, kidney related conditions, asthma, and cirrhosis of the liver. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography. ![]()
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